![]() ![]() ![]() This will allow them to see the relationship without needing to understand algebra and Equation 1. In this lesson plan, your students will build and push their own toy cars, then gather experimental data to understand how changing the force on an object while keeping its mass constant affects its acceleration. If you increase the net force acting on an object (blue arrow) and its mass remains constant, then its acceleration will also increase (black arrow). Used to measure total distance the car travels and calculate average velocity.įigure 1. Optional (if you do not want to use a sensor app): tape measure or meter stick and stopwatch.Google Play for Android devices (version 4.0 or newer) or from the App Store for iOS devices (iOS 9.0 or newer). Smartphone with a sensor app such as phyphox, available for free on.See the Explore section for an explanation of the different options. Which materials you need depends on how you want to do the lesson. Optional: hobby knives (useful for poking holes in bottle caps to make wheels, adult supervision recommended).Other classroom/office supplies (paper clips, binder clips, zip ties, rubber bands, etc.).a wooden skewer inserted through a straw, or a pencil inserted through a rolled tube of paper) Round objects to use as wheels (CDs, bottle caps, empty tape rolls, etc.).Frame/body parts (plastic bottles, corrugated cardboard, popsicle sticks, etc.).Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data.Īssorted craft materials for students to build cars: For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. Planning and Carrying Out Investigations. This lesson focuses on these aspects of NGSS Three Dimensional Learning: Science & Engineering Practices Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. This lesson helps students prepare for these Next Generation Science Standards Performance Expectations: Understand the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration as described by Newton's second law of motion.Students can graph data and make observations in real-time using a mobile phone and a sensor app or use a low-tech approach with a meter stick and stopwatch. Method of combining and splitting forces is known as the resolution ofįorces, and lies at the heart of many calculations in Newtonian dynamics.Don't just teach your students about Newton's laws of motion using diagrams in a textbook-try something hands-on! In this project, students will build their own cars using craft materials and explore the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Likewise, a single force,, acting atĪ given point, has the same effect as two forces, and , Point, have the same effect as a single force,Īcting at the same point, where the summation is performed according to the That two forces, and, both acting at a given One consequence of force being a vector is Note that acceleration is obviously a vector because it is directly related to displacement, which is the prototype of all vectors-see Appendix A. Product of a scalar (mass) and a vector (acceleration). This must be the case, since the law equates force to the Of course, the above equation of motion can only be solved if we have an independent expression for the force, ( i.e., a law of force).Īn important corollary of Newton's second law is that force is a vector Note that this equation is only valid in a inertial frame.Ĭlearly, the inertial mass of an object measures its reluctance to deviateįrom its preferred state of uniform motion in a straight-line (in an ![]()
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